Water Purification:
The process of removing contaminants, such as chemicals, particulates, and microorganisms, from water to make it suitable for consumption or other uses.
Contaminants:
Any substance or pollutant present in water that may pose a health risk or degrade water quality, including bacteria, viruses, heavy metals, chemicals, and sediments.
Microorganisms:
Small, often single-celled organisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa, which may be present in water and can cause disease or contamination if not properly removed.
Filtration:
A method of water purification that involves passing water through a porous substance or medium to remove suspended particles, sediments, and larger contaminants.
Disinfection:
The process of killing or inactivating microorganisms in water to make it safe for consumption, commonly achieved through methods such as chlorination, UV irradiation, or ozonation.
Reverse Osmosis (RO):
A water purification process that uses a semi-permeable membrane to remove dissolved solids, contaminants, and impurities from water by applying pressure to force water molecules through the membrane while leaving behind larger molecules and contaminants.
Distillation:
A method of water purification that involves boiling water to produce steam, which is then cooled and condensed back into liquid form, effectively separating pure water from contaminants and impurities.
Ion Exchange:
A water treatment method that involves replacing undesirable ions in water with more desirable ions, typically using ion exchange resins or zeolites to remove minerals, heavy metals, and other contaminants.
Activated Carbon Filtration:
A water treatment process that uses activated carbon to adsorb and remove organic compounds, chemicals, and certain contaminants from water by trapping them within the porous structure of the carbon material.
Desalination:
The process of removing salt and other minerals from seawater or brackish water to produce freshwater suitable for drinking or irrigation, commonly achieved through methods such as reverse osmosis or distillation.